Off the top of this writer’s head: Open-source software is that which can be freely accessed, used, modified, and distributed, allowing for rapid development of new features, customization and improvement of the program as a whole. The inclusive, noncommodification environment tends to draw an educated userbase likely to contribute those modifications of the program they deem desirable if only for their own use, and the eventual later “official” (if there is any such thing, such as with Mozilla’s Firefox browser) releases of the program sometimes undergo a certain darwinism, conforming to popular tastes.
Briefly react to the Revolution OS documentary.
Wow. Getting to hear from the brains behind Linux and the GNU licensing scheme was great. Good to hear the specific beginnings of the Open Source movement, as it explains rather a lot of why I heard about it when I did (which is to say, relatively late.) However, one strong reaction to the documentary that kept popping back up was nostalgia – the great flowering era of much of this was right around the time that I began to relate to technology. Seeing screencaps of ancient Netscape browser shots and of Slashdot’s header including a Nintendo 64 controller had me grinning like a maniac – that was my childhood. To hear about how this was going on while I was playing Ocarina of Time suddenly gives some perspective – no wonder it took so long for me to become aware of the Creative Commons licensing and about the Open Source movement. I mostly hung out online in a community of artists, and between being young and being protective of our works, Creative Commons was suspect and took a while to become popular. DeviantArt, for example, only just last year added CC as a standard licensing option for submitted artworks; the only Open Source ware I knew of for years was the Gimp, the GNU Image Manipulation Program, a painting application, and I wasn’t quite sure how that worked legally.
What did you learn [about Open Source] that you were not aware of?
How early it was started, for one thing. The whys – how software was so proprietary early on; I would’ve guessed from an uneducated stance that most programs evolved organically at the beginning and that they would’ve been profitable mostly because transmission prior to the internet and without large-capacity portable media would have been difficult. Just what the GNU license specifies, and how it really was a labor of love by just a few. That Linux’s origins are slightly cloudy, or that it was named after an individual.
To what extent can OS be termed a Social Movement?
I would agree to the appellation for the most part. Most of its social function is virtual, and this makes it harder to see, but there is definitely a growing number of concerned individuals, often behaving in an organized fashion, pushing for change. However, I’d point out there’s something unusual that tends to happen when these things occur over the sorts of free communications situations that include the internet – it seems to have occurred organically. A few people thought it’d be a good idea, and a few more built on those few (whether because they had the same notion in isolation, but had no platform upon which to build – this is a growth very analogous to the way coral grows – or whether they heard about the idea, liked it, and passed it on – very like viral transmission.) This is harder, I think, to achieve in the “real” world simply because transmission of information takes longer and is limited by physical space. I think this is, in many ways, a new kind of social movement – from the bottom up, the bazaar, rather than the top down, the cathedral.
Describe the shared values, norms, beliefs of the OS community. Would you consider yourself an ally of this community?
My immediate thought is that there are still remnants a “hacker aesthetic,” an appreciation for what was done simply because it could be done, although this has been tempered by pragmatism as the community grows – “what can we do that would be useful?” This sort of demonstrates the emphasis on peer review as a determinant of value, a darwinism of programming – in a social situation, that which is beneficial to the most users will survive. But the root of that, the validation of creativity, I think is still alive and well and living in the community in general.
However, without a glass-box approach, it’s hard for that creativity to be seen, much less win approval and gratitude through its utility to others – and there’s a certain element of doing it for the praise in these communities. It’s become almost antiquated in the post-agricultural society of the real world to take what you can accomplish and apply it to the good of everyone, to throw game theory out the window and assume that just because you are spending your time and energy on other people while they benefit themselves that you will not “fall behind” and be let down by the community as a whole. The diffusion of responsibility for others’ welfare over a large group that allows capitalism to become truly wildly successful (for the lucky few) tends to make it quite difficult for more spontaneously altruistic/ socialistic behaviours to manifest themselves without consequence; the social “feel” of the internet, although one may be associating primarily with large groups of “capitalistic” individuals who will prioritize their own success over that of the group, is still that of a small, unconcernedly-altruistic, cohesive group. I think, in other words, that the internet is so big that we can narrowcast to shared-interest groups – and form tribes. And that can be a very warm, comforting thing, whether or not it’s a good idea for individual survival to behave as if the world is as warm and safe as it feels among friends.
The increasing consequence of this with the beginnings of Open Source, however, was that once they’d experienced the share-and-share-alike mentality within their groups, they wanted to expand that into the rest of the world, and create social change. The climate in which they were attempting this – one fresh out of the Cold War mentality of suspicion toward anything that looked like communism – could have been a bit more friendly. But the attitude, and the willingness to risk their own benefit on the hopes that everyone would simply do what was right, is impressive, and venerable.
However – how much should the community own? Should there be any such thing as intellectual property? Does your spending hours, weeks, or years on a project entitle you to own it? Legally, certainly; how about morally? The community for the most part is not quite as radical as this, and for that I am grateful. I’m happy to make certain contributions to the community with only the use of the software as compensation, certainly. I support the movement – I’ll donate small chunks of time, sometimes even small chunks of money. But the kind of contributions that actually counterbalance less interested peers? No, probably not. Do I need to agree that everything I make in the future, as it could benefit others, ought to be released under Creative Commons? Because I couldn’t commit to that. I’m too possessive of (and too emotionally involved in) my work, and the potential for financial gain associated with it is attractive to me for myriad reasons.
Likewise, I can’t think that it’s wrong to limit the usage of software you built to specific applications (without modifications) or paid users. But it will be increasingly easy for Open Source wares to become competitive for a userbase with proprietary or locked ones.
Do you use any OS software? (Firefox? OpenOffice?) Discuss your experience with software, be it Open Source or not, in terms of usability, price, access, etc. How would OS software make your experience different?
I use Firefox and Thunderbird, Livejournal (on their server), Adium, OpenVanilla (a chinese-text input source), and Audacity. I probably have a handful of other OS apps that I’m simply not aware are open-source. Most of my most-positive software experiences (Adium, Thunderbird and OpenVanilla) far outstrip the proprietary competition – my one purchased proprietary pleasure (aside from my OS) has been Corel’s Painter IX, rather than OpenCanvas or Gimp. All of the above were free, most had a very gradual learning curve, and all have satisfied. For the most part, I’m a lazy computer user, and I go with what’s free and easy – Adium in particular, for example, was far easier to customize and play with than AIM’s own software, very pretty, and more versatile than iChat; Thunderbird has been great at straining out real content from junkmail. OpenVanilla has some kinks, but it’s still new, and I expect it to improve dramatically as time goes on.
What’s next: If you have ever tried web applications like Google Docs, comment on what this experience is like. In this case, not only is the use of the software free, but the storage of the data is also provided by someone else. How does this help or hurt the OS movement? the commercial software business?
I’ve not used Google Docs, but a number of blogging interfaces seem somewhat comparable. (Livejournal’s code has been Open Source for years, as has WordPress’, MovableType has gone Open Source, but Xanga and Blogger aren’t.) The transmission of data on non-open-source blogs varies in general facility, but it’s certainly possible to use them as simple word-processing applications on a computer that might otherwise lack them. HTML documents can be typed up and saved on their servers.
The main damage to the Open Source movement I can see is the desirability of free server space and accessibility from elsewhere; this might drive some users to applications like Google Docs who might otherwise become involved in OS software and thus contribute as simply as sending automated bug reports. But to the commercial software business, the blow is mostly in that the product is not only relatively equivalent for the casual user, it’s exceeded its capabilities in communications areas. The result will likely be a push for more limited compatibility of proprietary-application-created documents to OS or freeware readers, and greater compatibility from OS/freeware-created documents to proprietary readers. In either case, the threat does not seem terribly dire to me; the greater range of functions that invariably become accessible on OS wares through popularity and long-term usage by a broad base, not to mention the increasing availability of free websites and online briefcases/dropboxes will probably outweigh the built-in functions of smaller apps like Google Docs in the long run.